Joaquim Ribeiro de Carvalho

Journalist, poet, and novelist. He studied at the Leiria Seminary from 1893 to 1897, the year he published his first book of poetry, Livro de um sonhador, and began his collaboration with the press. A republican, he was an active member of the Carbonária portuguesa, participated in the Revolution of October 5, 1910. He founded the Centro Radical Português. In 1911, he was initiated into Freemasonry. He was a deputy to the Constituent Assembly, representing the Leiria constituency, from 1911, with the exception of the Sidonismo period (1918) and in 1925, the year he was elected president of the Senate of the Sintra Municipal Council, the municipality where he resided. After the establishment of the Dictatorship in May 1926, he participated in the February 1927 revolt, being arrested and deported to Madeira where he also participated in the failed 1931 revolt. He was elected to the Academy of Sciences as a corresponding member in the class of Letters in 1923; he participated in the organizing committee for the construction of the monument to António José de Almeida; and he directed the Biblioteca de Educação Moderna. He was head of the secretariat of the Lisbon Schools Inspectorate. He collaborated in various periodicals, such as Integridade (1897 – the first republican newspaper of the municipality of Leiria, founded in 1896), Alma Nova (1913), Amanhecer (Leiria, 1924), O Arauto (Lisboa, 1902), Ave Azul (Viseu, 1899-1900), Boémios (Porto, 1899), O Campeão (Porto, 1899-1901), O Comércio de Barcelos (1911), A Crónica ( Lisboa, 1900-1906), O Diabo (Lisboa), O Domingo (Angra Heroísmo, 1909-1911), Estrela do Minho (Famalicão, 1895-1960), Germinal (Porto, 1901-02), Gil Braz (Lisboa, 1898-1904), O Grande Elias (Lisboa, 1903-1905), O Jornal (1902-06), O Liberal (1918-21, which he owned and directed), Mala da Europa (Lisboa, 1894-1916), Nova Aurora (Tábua, 1900-1905), Quadras do Povo (Lisboa, 1909), A Palavra (1922), República (which he directed between 1920-24 and 30-42), A República Portuguesa (1910-11, which he founded), Revista Internacional (Lisboa, 1903-04), «Revista Literária Cientifica e Artística» (suppl. of O Século, 1902-05), O Rosmaninho (Porto, 1900), Vimaranense (Guimarães, 1915-19) and Zig-Zag. He was also a translator of works by Camille Flammarion, Alphonse Daudet, Louis Bousenard, Blasco Ibánez, and Maxim Gorky, among others.