Technique
Intertextuality
Theorised by Julia Kristeva (1966) and Roland Barthes; building on Mikhail Bakhtin's dialogism. All texts are understood as absorbing and transforming previous texts.
Definition
The relationship a text has with other texts — through allusion, quotation, parody, echo, or structural borrowing.
Example
T.S. Eliot's The Waste Land (1922) is dense with quotation from Shakespeare, Dante, the Bible, and Wagner.