Muhammad was born in Mecca around 570 AD and, after the death of his parents, was raised by his uncle Abu Talib. He married Khadijah, a wealthy widow, and began to dedicate himself to spiritual meditations and reflections. Around the age of 40, Muhammad reported receiving the first revelation from God through the angel Gabriel, marking the beginning of his prophetic mission. He began to preach monotheism (the belief in one God, Allah) and denounce the idolatry prevalent in Mecca. His message of submission to God (Islam means 'submission') and social justice attracted followers, but also provoked the hostility of Mecca's tribal leaders, who feared losing their power and status. In 622 AD, Muhammad and his followers migrated to Medina, an event known as the Hijra. In Medina, Muhammad established the first Muslim community (Ummah), acting as a religious, political, and military leader. He enacted laws, resolved disputes, and led military campaigns to defend the community and expand its influence. After several conflicts, Muhammad returned to Mecca in 630 AD, where the city surrendered peacefully. He then cleansed the Kaaba of idols, restoring it as the site of monotheistic worship. Muhammad passed away in Medina in 632 AD, leaving a legacy of a unified faith that quickly spread throughout the Arabian Peninsula and beyond, profoundly shaping world history.