Nazim Hikmet

Nazim Hikmet

1902–1963 · lived 61 years -- --

Nazim Hikmet was a revolutionary Turkish poet, playwright, novelist, and memoirist. A prominent figure in 20th-century Turkish literature, his work is characterized by its lyrical beauty, political engagement, and innovative use of language. He is celebrated for his ability to blend traditional Turkish poetic forms with modern sensibilities and socialist themes, making his poetry accessible and powerful. His life was marked by activism, imprisonment, and exile, which deeply influenced his writing, imbuing it with a profound sense of humanism and a passionate call for justice and freedom. He remains an internationally recognized voice for his commitment to social change and his enduring literary contributions.

n. 1902-01-15, Salonica · m. 1963-06-03, Moscovo

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Things I Didn't Know I Loved

Things I Didn't Know I Loved
it's March th
I'm sitting by the window on the Prague-Berlin train
night is falling
I never knew I liked
night descending like a tired bird on a smoky wet plain
I don't like
comparing nightfall to a tired bird
I didn't know I loved the earth
can someone who hasn't worked the earth love it
I've never worked the earth
it must be my only Platonic love
and here I've loved rivers all this time
whether motionless like this they curl skirting the hills
European hills crowned with chateaus
or whether stretched out flat as far as the eye can see
I know you can't wash in the same river even once
I know the river will bring new lights you'll never see
I know we live slightly longer than a horse but not nearly as long as a crow
I know this has troubled people before
and will trouble those after me
I know all this has been said a thousand times before
and will be said after me
I didn't know I loved the sky
cloudy or clear
the blue vault Andrei studied on his back at Borodino
in prison I translated both volumes of War and Peace into Turkish
I hear voices
not from the blue vault but from the yard
the guards are beating someone again
I didn't know I loved trees
bare beeches near Moscow in Peredelkino
they come upon me in winter noble and modest
beeches are Russian the way poplars are Turkish
"the poplars of Izmir
losing their leaves. . .
they call me The Knife. . .
lover like a young tree. . .
I blow stately mansions sky-high"
in the Ilgaz woods in I tied an embroidered linen handkerchief
to a pine bough for luck
I never knew I loved roads
even the asphalt kind
Vera's behind the wheel we're driving from Moscow to the Crimea
Koktebele
formerly "Goktepé ili" in Turkish
the two of us inside a closed box
the world flows past on both sides distant and mute
I was never so close to anyone in my life


bandits stopped me on the red road between Bolu and Geredé
when I was eighteen
apart from my life I didn't have anything in the wagon they could take
and at eighteen our lives are what we value least
I've written this somewhere before
wading through a dark muddy street I'm going to the shadow play
Ramazan night
a paper lantern leading the way
maybe nothing like this ever happened
maybe I read it somewhere an eight-year-old boy
going to the shadow play
Ramazan night in Istanbul holding his grandfather's hand
his grandfather has on a fez and is wearing the fur coat
with a sable collar over his robe
and there's a lantern in the servant's hand
and I can't contain myself for joy
flowers come to mind for some reason
poppies cactuses jonquils
in the jonquil garden in Kadikoy Istanbul I kissed Marika
fresh almonds on her breath
I was seventeen
my heart on a swing touched the sky
I didn't know I loved flowers
friends sent me three red carnations in prison
I just remembered the stars
I love them too
whether I'm floored watching them from below
or whether I'm flying at their side
I have some questions for the cosmonauts
were the stars much bigger
did they look like huge jewels on black velvet
or apricots on orange
did you feel proud to get closer to the stars
I saw color photos of the cosmos in Ogonek magazine now don't
be upset comrades but nonfigurative shall we say or abstract
well some of them looked just like such paintings which is to
say they were terribly figurative and concrete
my heart was in my mouth looking at them
they are our endless desire to grasp things
seeing them I could even think of death and not feel at all sad
I never knew I loved the cosmos
snow flashes in front of my eyes
both heavy wet steady snow and the dry whirling kind
I didn't know I liked snow
I never knew I loved the sun
even when setting cherry-red as now
in Istanbul too it sometimes sets in postcard colors
but you aren't about to paint it that way


I didn't know I loved the sea
except the Sea of Azov
or how much
I didn't know I loved clouds
whether I'm under or up above them
whether they look like giants or shaggy white beasts
moonlight the falsest the most languid the most petit-bourgeois
strikes me
I like it
I didn't know I liked rain
whether it falls like a fine net or splatters against the glass my
heart leaves me tangled up in a net or trapped inside a drop
and takes off for uncharted countries I didn't know I loved
rain but why did I suddenly discover all these passions sitting
by the window on the Prague-Berlin train
is it because I lit my sixth cigarette
one alone could kill me
is it because I'm half dead from thinking about someone back in Moscow
her hair straw-blond eyelashes blue
the train plunges on through the pitch-black night
I never knew I liked the night pitch-black
sparks fly from the engine
I didn't know I loved sparks
I didn't know I loved so many things and I had to wait until sixty
to find it out sitting by the window on the Prague-Berlin train
watching the world disappear as if on a journey of no return
April
Moscow
Trans. by Randy Blasing and Mutlu Konuk ()
Read full poem
Bio

Identification and basic context

Nazim Hikmet Ran, commonly known as Nazim Hikmet, is one of the most significant Turkish poets of the 20th century. Born into an intellectual and prominent family, his lineage included high-ranking military officials and poets. He wrote primarily in Turkish. His life was deeply intertwined with the tumultuous political and social landscape of Turkey and the wider world during his time.

Childhood and education

Nazim Hikmet was born into a family with strong artistic and intellectual connections. His mother was a painter, and his maternal grandfather was a landowner and poet. He received a solid education, attending schools in Istanbul. He later studied at the Naval Academy, though his military career was short-lived, largely due to his burgeoning political activism.

Literary trajectory

Hikmet's poetic journey began in his youth, marked by a fascination with traditional Turkish forms and a growing awareness of social injustices. He quickly developed a unique style, blending these traditional elements with avant-garde influences and a strong political voice. His early works already showed a commitment to social realism and a critique of the prevailing political order. Throughout his life, his poetry evolved, reflecting his experiences with activism, imprisonment, and exile, becoming a powerful chronicle of personal and political struggles. He was also involved with various literary journals and publications.

Works, style, and literary characteristics

Hikmet's major works include "835 Lines" (1929), "The Book of Our Women" (1935), and the epic "Human Landscapes from My Country" (1966). His poetry often explores themes of love, freedom, social justice, hope, and the human condition. He is known for his innovative use of free verse, breaking away from classical Ottoman forms to create a more direct and accessible poetic language. His style is characterized by its powerful imagery, rhythmic intensity, and a lyrical yet urgent tone. He employed vivid metaphors and a conversational tone, often infused with a sense of optimism and a call to action.

Cultural and historical context

Hikmet lived through a period of immense change in Turkey and globally. He was a prominent figure during the establishment of the Turkish Republic, a time of significant political and social reforms, but also of repression for dissenting voices. He was associated with socialist and communist movements, which led to his frequent clashes with the authorities. His generation of writers grappled with the challenges of modernization and national identity in the post-Ottoman era.

Personal life

Hikmet's personal life was marked by intense relationships and political commitment. He married several times, and his relationships often influenced his poetry, particularly themes of love and longing. His dedication to his political ideals led to significant personal sacrifices, including prolonged periods of imprisonment. These experiences of confinement and separation profoundly shaped his worldview and his literary output.

Recognition and reception

Nazim Hikmet is widely regarded as one of the greatest Turkish poets of the 20th century and is recognized internationally. While his work was often suppressed or censored in Turkey during his lifetime due to his political views, he gained a significant following and critical acclaim abroad. Posthumously, his reputation has grown, and he is celebrated for his contributions to both Turkish literature and world poetry. He has received numerous accolades and is a subject of extensive academic study.

Influences and legacy

Hikmet was influenced by revolutionary poets and socialist thinkers. His own work, in turn, has had a profound influence on subsequent generations of Turkish poets and writers, as well as on politically engaged literature worldwide. His legacy lies in his ability to fuse personal lyricism with social commentary, making poetry a tool for social change. His poems have been translated into numerous languages and continue to inspire readers and artists globally.

Interpretation and critical analysis

Hikmet's poetry is often analyzed through the lens of his political commitment and his pursuit of universal human values. Critics explore the tension between his personal experiences and his broader social vision, as well as his innovative use of language to convey complex emotions and political ideas.

Curiosities and lesser-known aspects

Despite his revolutionary image, Hikmet also possessed a deeply romantic and lyrical sensibility. His experiences in prison, far from breaking him, often fueled his creativity, leading to some of his most poignant and beautiful works. He was also known for his charismatic personality and his ability to connect with people from all walks of life.

Death and memory

Nazim Hikmet died of a heart attack in Moscow. He is commemorated as a national poet in Turkey and is widely celebrated internationally. His work continues to be read, performed, and studied, ensuring his enduring memory and influence.

Poems

11

A Sad State Of Freedom

A Sad State Of Freedom
You waste the attention of your eyes,
the glittering labour of your hands,
and knead the dough enough for dozens of loaves
of which you'll taste not a morsel;
you are free to slave for others--
you are free to make the rich richer.
The moment you're born
they plant around you
mills that grind lies
lies to last you a lifetime.
You keep thinking in your great freedom
a finger on your temple
free to have a free conscience.
Your head bent as if half-cut from the nape,
your arms long, hanging,
your saunter about in your great freedom:
you're free
with the freedom of being unemployed.
You love your country
as the nearest, most precious thing to you.
But one day, for example,
they may endorse it over to America,
and you, too, with your great freedom--
you have the freedom to become an air-base.
You may proclaim that one must live
not as a tool, a number or a link
but as a human being--
then at once they handcuff your wrists.
You are free to be arrested, imprisoned
and even hanged.
There's neither an iron, wooden
nor a tulle curtain
in your life;
there's no need to choose freedom:
you are free.
But this kind of freedom
is a sad affair under the stars.
Translated by Taner Baybars
380

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