Nazim Hikmet

Nazim Hikmet

1902–1963 · lived 61 years -- --

Nazim Hikmet was a revolutionary Turkish poet, playwright, novelist, and memoirist. A prominent figure in 20th-century Turkish literature, his work is characterized by its lyrical beauty, political engagement, and innovative use of language. He is celebrated for his ability to blend traditional Turkish poetic forms with modern sensibilities and socialist themes, making his poetry accessible and powerful. His life was marked by activism, imprisonment, and exile, which deeply influenced his writing, imbuing it with a profound sense of humanism and a passionate call for justice and freedom. He remains an internationally recognized voice for his commitment to social change and his enduring literary contributions.

n. 1902-01-15, Salonica · m. 1963-06-03, Moscovo

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Some Advice To Those Who Will Serve Time In Prison

Some Advice To Those Who Will Serve Time In Prison
If instead of being hanged by the neck
you're thrown inside
for not giving up hope
in the world, your country, your people,
if you do ten or fifteen years
apart from the time you have left,
you won't say,
"Better I had swung from the end of a rope
like a flag" --
You'll put your foot down and live.
It may not be a pleasure exactly,
but it's your solemn duty
to live one more day
to spite the enemy.
Part of you may live alone inside,
like a tone at the bottom of a well.
But the other part
must be so caught up
in the flurry of the world
that you shiver there inside
when outside, at forty days' distance, a leaf moves.
To wait for letters inside,
to sing sad songs,
or to lie awake all night staring at the ceiling
is sweet but dangerous.
Look at your face from shave to shave,
forget your age,
watch out for lice
and for spring nights,
and always remember
to eat every last piece of bread--
also, don't forget to laugh heartily.
And who knows,
the woman you love may stop loving you.
Don't say it's no big thing:
it's like the snapping of a green branch
to the man inside.
To think of roses and gardens inside is bad,
to think of seas and mountains is good.
Read and write without rest,
and I also advise weaving
and making mirrors.
I mean, it's not that you can't pass
ten or fifteen years inside
and more --
you can,
as long as the jewel
on the left side of your chest doesn't lose it's luster!
May


Trans. by Randy Blasing and Mutlu Konuk ()
Read full poem
Bio

Identification and basic context

Nazim Hikmet Ran, commonly known as Nazim Hikmet, is one of the most significant Turkish poets of the 20th century. Born into an intellectual and prominent family, his lineage included high-ranking military officials and poets. He wrote primarily in Turkish. His life was deeply intertwined with the tumultuous political and social landscape of Turkey and the wider world during his time.

Childhood and education

Nazim Hikmet was born into a family with strong artistic and intellectual connections. His mother was a painter, and his maternal grandfather was a landowner and poet. He received a solid education, attending schools in Istanbul. He later studied at the Naval Academy, though his military career was short-lived, largely due to his burgeoning political activism.

Literary trajectory

Hikmet's poetic journey began in his youth, marked by a fascination with traditional Turkish forms and a growing awareness of social injustices. He quickly developed a unique style, blending these traditional elements with avant-garde influences and a strong political voice. His early works already showed a commitment to social realism and a critique of the prevailing political order. Throughout his life, his poetry evolved, reflecting his experiences with activism, imprisonment, and exile, becoming a powerful chronicle of personal and political struggles. He was also involved with various literary journals and publications.

Works, style, and literary characteristics

Hikmet's major works include "835 Lines" (1929), "The Book of Our Women" (1935), and the epic "Human Landscapes from My Country" (1966). His poetry often explores themes of love, freedom, social justice, hope, and the human condition. He is known for his innovative use of free verse, breaking away from classical Ottoman forms to create a more direct and accessible poetic language. His style is characterized by its powerful imagery, rhythmic intensity, and a lyrical yet urgent tone. He employed vivid metaphors and a conversational tone, often infused with a sense of optimism and a call to action.

Cultural and historical context

Hikmet lived through a period of immense change in Turkey and globally. He was a prominent figure during the establishment of the Turkish Republic, a time of significant political and social reforms, but also of repression for dissenting voices. He was associated with socialist and communist movements, which led to his frequent clashes with the authorities. His generation of writers grappled with the challenges of modernization and national identity in the post-Ottoman era.

Personal life

Hikmet's personal life was marked by intense relationships and political commitment. He married several times, and his relationships often influenced his poetry, particularly themes of love and longing. His dedication to his political ideals led to significant personal sacrifices, including prolonged periods of imprisonment. These experiences of confinement and separation profoundly shaped his worldview and his literary output.

Recognition and reception

Nazim Hikmet is widely regarded as one of the greatest Turkish poets of the 20th century and is recognized internationally. While his work was often suppressed or censored in Turkey during his lifetime due to his political views, he gained a significant following and critical acclaim abroad. Posthumously, his reputation has grown, and he is celebrated for his contributions to both Turkish literature and world poetry. He has received numerous accolades and is a subject of extensive academic study.

Influences and legacy

Hikmet was influenced by revolutionary poets and socialist thinkers. His own work, in turn, has had a profound influence on subsequent generations of Turkish poets and writers, as well as on politically engaged literature worldwide. His legacy lies in his ability to fuse personal lyricism with social commentary, making poetry a tool for social change. His poems have been translated into numerous languages and continue to inspire readers and artists globally.

Interpretation and critical analysis

Hikmet's poetry is often analyzed through the lens of his political commitment and his pursuit of universal human values. Critics explore the tension between his personal experiences and his broader social vision, as well as his innovative use of language to convey complex emotions and political ideas.

Curiosities and lesser-known aspects

Despite his revolutionary image, Hikmet also possessed a deeply romantic and lyrical sensibility. His experiences in prison, far from breaking him, often fueled his creativity, leading to some of his most poignant and beautiful works. He was also known for his charismatic personality and his ability to connect with people from all walks of life.

Death and memory

Nazim Hikmet died of a heart attack in Moscow. He is commemorated as a national poet in Turkey and is widely celebrated internationally. His work continues to be read, performed, and studied, ensuring his enduring memory and influence.

Poems

11

A Sad State Of Freedom

A Sad State Of Freedom
You waste the attention of your eyes,
the glittering labour of your hands,
and knead the dough enough for dozens of loaves
of which you'll taste not a morsel;
you are free to slave for others--
you are free to make the rich richer.
The moment you're born
they plant around you
mills that grind lies
lies to last you a lifetime.
You keep thinking in your great freedom
a finger on your temple
free to have a free conscience.
Your head bent as if half-cut from the nape,
your arms long, hanging,
your saunter about in your great freedom:
you're free
with the freedom of being unemployed.
You love your country
as the nearest, most precious thing to you.
But one day, for example,
they may endorse it over to America,
and you, too, with your great freedom--
you have the freedom to become an air-base.
You may proclaim that one must live
not as a tool, a number or a link
but as a human being--
then at once they handcuff your wrists.
You are free to be arrested, imprisoned
and even hanged.
There's neither an iron, wooden
nor a tulle curtain
in your life;
there's no need to choose freedom:
you are free.
But this kind of freedom
is a sad affair under the stars.
Translated by Taner Baybars
375

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