Oscar Wilde

Oscar Wilde

1854–1900 · lived 46 years IE IE

Oscar Wilde was an Irish poet and playwright, celebrated for his wit, flamboyant style, and epigrammatic brilliance. He became one of the most famous figures of the late Victorian era, known for his advocacy of aestheticism, the belief that art exists for beauty's sake. Despite his literary success, his personal life was marked by scandal and legal troubles, leading to imprisonment.

n. 1854-10-16, Dublin · m. 1900-11-30, Paris

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Madonna Mia

A lily-girl, not made for this world's pain,
With brown, soft hair close braided by her ears,
And longing eyes half veiled by slumberous tears
Like bluest water seen through mists of rain:
Pale cheeks whereon no love hath left its stain,
Red underlip drawn in for fear of love,
And white throat, whiter than the silvered dove,
Through whose wan marble creeps one purple vein.
Yet, though my lips shall praise her without cease,
Even to kiss her feet I am not bold,
Being o'ershadowed by the wings of awe,
Like Dante, when he stood with Beatrice
Beneath the flaming Lion's breast, and saw
The seventh Crystal, and the Stair of Gold.

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Bio

Identification and basic context

Oscar Wilde was an Irish poet, playwright, novelist, and critic. He is renowned for his sharp wit, flamboyant personality, and his advocacy of the aesthetic movement.

Childhood and education

Wilde was born into a prominent Anglo-Irish family. His father was a surgeon and his mother a poet and nationalist. He received a classical education at Trinity College, Dublin, and later at Magdalen College, Oxford, where he excelled in classical studies and developed his aesthetic theories.

Literary trajectory

Wilde's literary career began with poetry, notably his collection 'Poems' (1881). He gained significant fame as a playwright with works like 'The Importance of Being Earnest' and 'Salomé'. His novel 'The Picture of Dorian Gray' (1890) also garnered attention. He was a prominent figure in the Aesthetic and Decadent movements.

Works, style, and literary characteristics

Wilde's most famous works include 'The Picture of Dorian Gray', 'The Importance of Being Earnest', 'An Ideal Husband', and 'A Woman of No Importance'. His style is characterized by epigrammatic wit, paradox, lyrical beauty, and a focus on aestheticism. Themes explored include beauty, art, morality, hypocrisy, and the duality of human nature. He often used satire to critique Victorian society.

Cultural and historical context

Wilde lived during the late Victorian era in Britain, a period of great industrial change, social reform, and imperial expansion, but also of strict social codes and moral hypocrisy. He was a prominent voice of the Aesthetic movement, which challenged the utilitarian and moralistic views of art prevalent at the time. He was a contemporary of writers like Algernon Charles Swinburne and Walter Pater.

Personal life

Wilde's personal life was marked by his marriage to Constance Lloyd, with whom he had two sons. He also had a notorious relationship with Lord Alfred Douglas, which ultimately led to his downfall. His flamboyant lifestyle and outspoken views on art and morality set him apart from conventional society.

Recognition and reception

Wilde achieved considerable fame during his lifetime, becoming a celebrated figure in London society. However, his trial for gross indecency in 1895 led to his imprisonment and public disgrace, severely damaging his reputation. Posthumously, his work has been re-evaluated, and he is now recognized as a major literary figure of the 19th century.

Influences and legacy

Wilde was influenced by Romantic poets and French Symbolists. His emphasis on beauty and art for art's sake, his wit, and his critique of social conventions have influenced numerous writers and artists. He is considered a key figure in the development of modern drama and aesthetic theory.

Interpretation and critical analysis

Wilde's work is often analyzed through the lens of aestheticism, dandyism, and his critique of Victorian morality. His life and work continue to be debated, particularly concerning his persecution and the relationship between art and life.

Curiosities and lesser-known aspects

Wilde famously declared, "I have put my genius into my life; I have put only my talent into my works." He was known for his elaborate dress and his love of paradox. His famous green carnation became a symbol of the aesthetic movement.

Death and memory

Oscar Wilde died in exile in Paris in 1900. His tomb in Père Lachaise Cemetery is a popular tourist destination. His literary and cultural significance has endured, and he remains a celebrated figure for his wit and artistic contributions.

Poems

112

Les Ballons

Against these turbid turquoise skies
The light and luminous balloons
Dip and drift like satin moons
Drift like silken butterflies;

Reel with every windy gust,
Rise and reel like dancing girls,
Float like strange transparent pearls,
Fall and float like silver dust.

Now to the low leaves they cling,
Each with coy fantastic pose,
Each a petal of a rose
Straining at a gossamer string.

Then to the tall trees they climb,
Like thin globes of amethyst,
Wandering opals keeping tryst
With the rubies of the lime.

673

La Mer

A white mist drifts across the shrouds,
A wild moon in this wintry sky
Gleams like an angry lion's eye
Out of a mane of tawny clouds.

The muffled steersman at the wheel
Is but a shadow in the gloom; -
And in the throbbing engine-room
Leap the long rods of polished steel.

The shattered storm has left its trace
Upon this huge and heaving dome,
For the thin threads of yellow foam
Float on the waves like ravelled lace.

771

Le Jardin

The lily's withered chalice falls
Around its rod of dusty gold,
And from the beech-trees on the wold
The last wood-pigeon coos and calls.

The gaudy leonine sunflower
Hangs black and barren on its stalk,
And down the windy garden walk
The dead leaves scatter, - hour by hour.

Pale privet-petals white as milk
Are blown into a snowy mass:
The roses lie upon the grass
Like little shreds of crimson silk.

673

La Bella Donna Della Mia Mente

My limbs are wasted with a flame,
My feet are sore with travelling,
For, calling on my Lady's name,
My lips have now forgot to sing.

O Linnet in the wild-rose brake
Strain for my Love thy melody,
O Lark sing louder for love's sake,
My gentle Lady passeth by.

She is too fair for any man
To see or hold his heart's delight,
Fairer than Queen or courtesan
Or moonlit water in the night.

Her hair is bound with myrtle leaves,
(Green leaves upon her golden hair!)
Green grasses through the yellow sheaves
Of autumn corn are not more fair.

Her little lips, more made to kiss
Than to cry bitterly for pain,
Are tremulous as brook-water is,
Or roses after evening rain.

Her neck is like white melilote
Flushing for pleasure of the sun,
The throbbing of the linnet's throat
Is not so sweet to look upon.

As a pomegranate, cut in twain,
White-seeded, is her crimson mouth,
Her cheeks are as the fading stain
Where the peach reddens to the south.

O twining hands! O delicate
White body made for love and pain!
O House of love! O desolate
Pale flower beaten by the rain!

731

La Fruite De La Lune

To outer senses there is peace,
A dreamy peace on either hand
Deep silence in the shadowy land,
Deep silence where the shadows cease.

Save for a cry that echoes shrill
From some lone bird disconsolate;
A corncrake calling to its mate;
The answer from the misty hill.

And suddenly the moon withdraws
Her sickle from the lightening skies,
And to her sombre cavern flies,
Wrapped in a veil of yellow gauze.

1,123

Italia

Italia! thou art fallen, though with sheen
Of battle-spears thy clamorous armies stride
From the north Alps to the Sicilian tide!
Ay! fallen, though the nations hail thee Queen
Because rich gold in every town is seen,
And on thy sapphire-lake in tossing pride
Of wind-filled vans thy myriad galleys ride
Beneath one flag of red and white and green.
O Fair and Strong! O Strong and Fair in vain!
Look southward where Rome's desecrated town
Lies mourning for her God-anointed King!
Look heaven-ward! shall God allow this thing?
Nay! but some flame-girt Raphael shall come down,
And smite the Spoiler with the sword of pain.

VENICE.

664

In The Gold Room - A Harmony

Her ivory hands on the ivory keys
Strayed in a fitful fantasy,
Like the silver gleam when the poplar trees
Rustle their pale-leaves listlessly,
Or the drifting foam of a restless sea
When the waves show their teeth in the flying breeze.

Her gold hair fell on the wall of gold
Like the delicate gossamer tangles spun
On the burnished disk of the marigold,
Or the sunflower turning to meet the sun
When the gloom of the dark blue night is done,
And the spear of the lily is aureoled.

And her sweet red lips on these lips of mine
Burned like the ruby fire set
In the swinging lamp of a crimson shrine,
Or the bleeding wounds of the pomegranate,
Or the heart of the lotus drenched and wet
With the spilt-out blood of the rose-red wine.

696

In the forest

Out of the mid-wood's twilight
Into the meadow's dawn,
Ivory limbed and brown-eyed,
Flashes my Faun!

He skips through the copses singing,
And his shadow dances along,
And I know not which I should follow,
Shadow or song!

O Hunter, snare me his shadow!
O Nightingale, catch me his strain!
Else moonstruck with music and madness
I track him in vain!

916

Impression Du Matin

The Thames nocturne of blue and gold
Changed to a Harmony in grey:
A barge with ochre-coloured hay
Dropt from the wharf: and chill and cold

The yellow fog came creeping down
The bridges, till the houses' walls
Seemed changed to shadows and St. Paul's
Loomed like a bubble o'er the town.

Then suddenly arose the clang
Of waking life; the streets were stirred
With country waggons: and a bird
Flew to the glistening roofs and sang.

But one pale woman all alone,
The daylight kissing her wan hair,
Loitered beneath the gas lamps' flare,
With lips of flame and heart of stone.

638

Her Voice

The wild bee reels from bough to bough
With his furry coat and his gauzy wing,
Now in a lily-cup, and now
Setting a jacinth bell a-swing,
In his wandering;
Sit closer love: it was here I trow
I made that vow,

Swore that two lives should be like one
As long as the sea-gull loved the sea,
As long as the sunflower sought the sun, -
It shall be, I said, for eternity
'Twixt you and me!
Dear friend, those times are over and done;
Love's web is spun.

Look upward where the poplar trees
Sway and sway in the summer air,
Here in the valley never a breeze
Scatters the thistledown, but there
Great winds blow fair
From the mighty murmuring mystical seas,
And the wave-lashed leas.

Look upward where the white gull screams,
What does it see that we do not see?
Is that a star? or the lamp that gleams
On some outward voyaging argosy, -
Ah! can it be
We have lived our lives in a land of dreams!
How sad it seems.

Sweet, there is nothing left to say
But this, that love is never lost,
Keen winter stabs the breasts of May
Whose crimson roses burst his frost,
Ships tempest-tossed
Will find a harbour in some bay,
And so we may.

And there is nothing left to do
But to kiss once again, and part,
Nay, there is nothing we should rue,
I have my beauty, - you your Art,
Nay, do not start,
One world was not enough for two
Like me and you.

683

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