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Wilfred Owen

Wilfred Owen

1893–1918 · lived 25 years -- --

Wilfred Owen was a prominent English poet, best known for his powerful and unflinching poems about the realities of trench warfare during World War I. He is considered one of the leading poets of the war, whose work vividly depicted the suffering, horror, and futility of combat. His poems were largely published posthumously but have since become seminal texts in understanding the experience of soldiers in the Great War.

n. 1893-03-18, Oswestry · m. 1918-11-04, Ors

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Strange Meeting

It seemed that out of the battle I escaped
Down some profound dull tunnel, long since scooped
Through granites which Titanic wars had groined.
Yet also there encumbered sleepers groaned,
Too fast in thought or death to be bestirred.
Then, as I probed them, one sprang up, and stared
With piteous recognition in fixed eyes,
Lifting distressful hands as if to bless.
And by his smile, I knew that sullen hall;
With a thousand fears that vision's face was grained;
Yet no blood reached there from the upper ground,
And no guns thumped, or down the fluies made moan.
"Strange, friend," I said, "Here is no cause to mourn."
"None," said the other, "Save the undone years,
The hopelessness. Whatever hope is yours,
Was my life also; I went hunting wild
After the wildest beauty in the world,
Which lies not calm in eyes, or braided hair,
But mocks the steady running of the hour,
And if it grieves, grieves richlier than here.
For by my glee might many men have laughed,
And of my weeping something has been left,
Which must die now. I mean the truth untold,
The pity of war, the pity war distilled.
Now men will go content with what we spoiled.
Or, discontent, boil bloody, and be spilled.
They will be swift with swiftness of the tigress,
None will break ranks, though nations trek from progress.
Courage was mine, and I had mystery;
Wisdom was mine, and I had mastery;
To miss the march of this retreating world
Into vain citadels that are not walled.
Then, when much blood had clogged their chariot-wheels
I would go up and wash them from sweet wells,
Even with truths that lie too deep for taint.
I would have poured my spirit without stint
But not through wounds; not on the cess of war.
Foreheads of men have bled where no wounds were.
I am the enemy you killed, my friend.
I knew you in this dark; for so you frowned
Yesterday through me as you jabbed and killed.
I parried; but my hands were loath and cold.
Let us sleep now ...
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Bio

Identification and basic context

Wilfred Owen is widely recognized as one of the most important poets of World War I. He wrote in English and is celebrated for his poignant and realistic portrayal of the soldier's experience in the trenches.

Childhood and education

Owen was born into a moderately prosperous family. He received a good education, which included attendance at schools like the Birkenhead Institute and the Technical School in Shrewsbury. His early life and schooling exposed him to literature and fostered his developing poetic sensibilities.

Literary trajectory

Owen began writing poetry at a young age. His experiences as a soldier during World War I profoundly influenced his mature work. He became associated with other war poets, notably Siegfried Sassoon, who encouraged and mentored him. His most significant poems were written during his service in the war, often amidst the harsh conditions of the front lines. His work gained widespread recognition primarily after his death.

Works, style, and literary characteristics

Owen's most famous works include "Dulce et Decorum Est," "Anthem for Doomed Youth," and "Strange Meeting." His poetry is characterized by its direct and often brutal depiction of the physical and psychological trauma of war. He used vivid imagery, powerful metaphors, and a somber tone to convey the horror and waste of conflict. Owen experimented with form, often employing traditional structures like sonnets but infusing them with modern, raw subject matter. His language is evocative, capturing the sounds and sights of the battlefield with stark realism. His poetic voice is deeply empathetic, speaking for the suffering soldiers.

Cultural and historical context

Owen lived and wrote during the tumultuous period of World War I, a conflict that reshaped the world. His poetry stands in stark contrast to the jingoistic propaganda that often characterized the early years of the war. He belonged to a generation of poets whose experiences were irrevocably shaped by the unprecedented scale of industrial warfare. His work challenged the prevailing patriotic narratives and offered a critical perspective on the war.

Personal life

Owen's personal life was deeply intertwined with his wartime experiences. His profound empathy for his fellow soldiers fueled his poetic output. He formed significant friendships with fellow poets and officers who shared his disillusionment with the war. His experiences on the front lines, including being wounded and suffering from shell shock, profoundly impacted his mental and emotional state.

Recognition and reception

While Owen's poems were not widely published during his lifetime, their posthumous publication, notably in the collection *Poems* (1920) edited by Siegfried Sassoon, brought him significant acclaim. He is now considered a canonical figure in English poetry and a crucial voice for the generation that experienced the horrors of World War I. His work continues to be studied and revered for its honesty and power.

Influences and legacy

Owen was influenced by earlier poets, but his unique experiences forged a new path in war poetry. He, in turn, profoundly influenced subsequent generations of poets who grappled with themes of conflict, trauma, and social injustice. His unflinching portrayal of war set a benchmark for literary responses to conflict. His poems remain essential reading for understanding the human cost of war.

Interpretation and critical analysis

Owen's poetry is often analyzed for its anti-war message, its psychological depth, and its formal innovations. Critics examine how he balanced traditional poetic forms with the brutal realities of modern warfare, creating a powerful and enduring artistic testament to the suffering of soldiers.

Curiosities and lesser-known aspects

Despite his profound empathy, Owen was a commissioned officer, a complex position for someone so critical of the war's leadership and aims. He reportedly wrote some of his most famous poems while recovering from injuries sustained in battle.

Death and memory

Wilfred Owen was killed in action on November 4, 1918, just one week before the Armistice. His death in the final days of the war became a poignant symbol of the immense loss of life. He is commemorated in literature and memory as a poet who gave voice to the voiceless suffering of soldiers.

Poems

35

The Young Soldier

It is not death
Without hereafter
To one in dearth
Of life and its laughter,
Nor the sweet murder
Dealt slow and even
Unto the martyr
Smiling at heaven:
It is the smile
Faint as a (waning) myth,
Faint, and exceeding small
On a boy's murdered mouth.
165

I Know the Music

All sounds have been as music to my listening:
Pacific lamentations of slow bells,
The crunch of boots on blue snow rosy-glistening,
Shuffle of autumn leaves; and all farewells:
Bugles that sadden all the evening air,
And country bells clamouring their last appeals
Before [the] music of the evening prayer;
Bridges, sonorous under carriage wheels.
Gurgle of sluicing surge through hollow rocks,
The gluttonous lapping of the waves on weeds,
Whisper of grass; the myriad-tinkling flocks,
The warbling drawl of flutes and shepherds' reeds.
The orchestral noises of October nights
Blowing ( ) symphonetic storms
Of startled clarions ( )
Drums, rumbling and rolling thunderous and ( ).
Thrilling of throstles in the keen blue dawn,
Bees fumbling and fuming over sainfoin-fields.
161

Uriconium: an Ode

It lieth low near merry England's heart
Like a long-buried sin; and Englishmen
Forget that in its death their sires had part.
And, like a sin, Time lays it bare again
To tell of races wronged,
And ancient glories suddenly overcast,
And treasures flung to fire and rabble wrath.
If thou hast ever longed
To lift the gloomy curtain of Time Past,
And spy the secret things that Hades hath,
Here through this riven ground take such a view.
The dust, that fell unnoted as a dew,
Wrapped the dead city's face like mummy-cloth:
All is as was: except for worm and moth.
Since Jove was worshipped under Wrekin's shade
Or Latin phrase was writ in Shropshire stone,
Since Druid chaunts desponded in this glade
Or Tuscan general called that field his own,
How long ago? How long?
How long since wanderers in the Stretton Hills
Met men of shaggy hair and savage jaw,
With flint and copper prong,
Aiming behind their dikes and thorny grilles?
Ah! those were days before the axe and saw,
Then were the nights when this mid-forest town
Held breath to hear the wolves come yelping down,
And ponderous bears 'long Severn lifted paw,
And nuzzling boars ran grunting through the shaw.
Ah me! full fifteen hundred times the wheat
Hath risen, and bowed, and fallen to human hunger
Since those imperial days were made complete.
The weary moon hath waxen old and younger
These eighteen thousand times
Without a shrine to greet her gentle ray.
And other temples rose; to Power and Pelf,
And chimed centurial chimes
Until their very bells are worn away.
While King by King lay cold on vaulted shelf
And wars closed wars, and many a Marmion fell,
And dearths and plagues holp sire and son to hell;
And old age stiffened many a lively elf
And many a poet's heart outdrained itself.
I had forgot that so remote an age
Beyond the horizon of our little sight,
Is far from us by no more spanless gauge
Than day and night, succeeding day and night,
Until I looked on Thee,
Thou ghost of a dead city, or its husk!
But even as we could walk by field and hedge


Hence to the distant sea
So, by the rote of common dawn and dusk,
We travel back to history's utmost edge.
Yea, when through thy old streets I took my way,
And recked a thousand years as yesterday,
Methought sage fancy wrought a sacrilege
To steal for me such godly privilege!
For here lie remnants from a banquet table -
Oysters and marrow-bones, and seeds of grape -
The statement of whose age must sound a fable;
And Samian jars, whose sheen and flawless shape
Look fresh from potter's mould.
Plasters with Roman finger-marks impressed;
Bracelets that from the warm Italian arm
Might seem to be scarce cold;
And spears - the same that pushed the Cymry west-
Unblunted yet; with tools of forge and farm
Abandoned, as a man in sudden fear
Drops what he holds to help his swift career:
For sudden was Rome's flight, and wild the alarm.
The Saxon shock was like Vesuvius' qualm.
O ye who prate of modern art and craft .
Mark well that Gaulish brooch, and test that screw!
Art's fairest buds on antique stem are graft.
Under the sun is nothing wholly new!
At Viricon today
The village anvil rests on Roman base
And in a garden, may be seen a bower
With pillars for its stay
That anciently in basilic had place.
The church's font is but a pagan dower:
A Temple's column, hollowed into this.
So is the glory of our artifice,
Our pleasure and our worship, but the flower
Of Roman custom and of Roman power.
O ye who laugh and, living as if Time
Meant but the twelve hours ticking round your dial,
Find it too short for thee, watch the sublime,
Slow, epochal time-registers awhile,
Which are Antiquities.
O ye who weep and call all your life too long
And moan: Was ever sorrow like to mine?
Muse on the memories
That sad sepulchral stones and ruins prolong.
Here might men drink of wonder like strong wine
And feel ephemeral troubles soothed and curbed.
Yet farmers, wroth to have their laws disturbed,
Are sooner roused for little loss to pine
Than we are moved by mighty woes long syne.


Above this reverend ground, what traveller checks?
Yet cities such as these one time would breed
Apocalyptic visions of world-wrecks.
Let Saxon men return to them, and heed!
They slew and burnt,
But after, prized what Rome had given away
Out of her strength and her prosperity.
Have they yet learnt
The precious truth distilled from Rome's decay?
Ruins! On England's heart press heavily!
For Rome hath left us more than walls and words
And better yet shall leave; and more than herds
Or land or gold gave the Celts to us in fee;
E'en Blood, which makes poets sing and prophets see.
162

As Bronze May Be Much Beautified

As bronze may be much beautified
By lying in the dark damp soil,
So men who fade in dust of warfare fade
Fairer, and sorrow blooms their soul.
Like pearls which noble women wear
And, tarnishing, awhile confide
Unto the old salt sea to feed,
Many return more lustrous than they were.
But what of them buried profound,
Buried where we can no more find.
Who ( )
Lie dark for ever under abysmal war?
170

Schoolmistress

Schoolmistress
Having, with bold Horatius, stamped her feet
And waved a final swashing arabesque
O'er the brave days of old, she ceased to bleat,
Slapped her Macaulay back upon the desk,
Resuned her calm gaze and her lofty seat.
There, while she heard the classic lines repeat,
Once more the teacher's face clenched stern;
For through the window, looking on the street,
Three soldiers hailed her. She made no return.
One was called 'Orace whom she would not greet.
153

Quotes

19

Videos

50

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