Pablo Neruda

Pablo Neruda

1904–1973 · lived 69 years CL CL

Pablo Neruda was a Chilean poet, diplomat, and politician. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential poets of the 20th century, celebrated for his lyrical and evocative verse, which often explored themes of love, nature, politics, and everyday life. Neruda's prolific output and diverse thematic concerns earned him international acclaim, culminating in the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1971. His work is characterized by its passionate imagery, sensuous language, and profound connection to the landscapes and people of Latin America.

n. 1904-07-12, Parral · m. 1973-09-23, Santiago

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Your Laughter

Your Laughter

Take bread away from me, if you wish,
take air away, but
do not take from me your laughter.


Do not take away the rose,
the lance flower that you pluck,
the water that suddenly
bursts forth in joy,
the sudden wave
of silver born in you.


My struggle is harsh and I come back
with eyes tired
at times from having seen
the unchanging earth,
but when your laughter enters
it rises to the sky seeking me
and it opens for me all
the doors of life.


My love, in the darkest
hour your laughter
opens, and if suddenly
you see my blood staining
the stones of the street,
laugh, because your laughter
will be for my hands
like a fresh sword.


Next to the sea in the autumn,
your laughter must raise
its foamy cascade,
and in the spring, love,
I want your laughter like
the flower I was waiting for,
the blue flower, the rose
of my echoing country.


Laugh at the night,
at the day, at the moon,
laugh at the twisted
streets of the island,
laugh at this clumsy
boy who loves you,
but when I open
my eyes and close them,
when my steps go,
when my steps return,
deny me bread, air,
light, spring,
but never your laughter
for I would die.
Read full poem
Bio

Identification and basic context

Pablo Neruda, born Ricardo Eliécer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto, was a renowned Chilean poet, diplomat, and politician. He is considered one of the most important literary figures of the 20th century and a significant voice for social justice in Latin America. Neruda's work is characterized by its passionate, often surreal imagery, its deep connection to nature, and its engagement with political and social issues. He wrote in Spanish, and his poetry has been translated into numerous languages.

Childhood and education

Neruda was born in Parral, Chile. His mother died shortly after his birth, and he was raised by his father and stepmother in Temuco. He showed an early aptitude for literature, publishing his first poems at the age of 13. He studied French at the Temuco Normal School for Men and later moved to Santiago to study at the University of Chile, although his primary focus remained his literary pursuits. His early life in the Chilean landscape, with its forests, rivers, and the proximity to the ocean, profoundly shaped his poetic sensibility.

Literary trajectory

Neruda's literary career began in his youth, and he quickly gained recognition. He published his first book, "Crepusculario" (Twilight), in 1923. However, it was "Veinte poemas de amor y una canción desesperada" (Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair, 1924) that brought him widespread fame. He served as a diplomat for Chile in various countries, including Burma, Ceylon, Java, Argentina, Spain, Mexico, and France. These experiences significantly influenced his writing, broadening his perspective and introducing him to new political and cultural landscapes. His poetry evolved from early romanticism and surrealism to a more politically engaged and socially conscious style.

Works, style, and literary characteristics

Neruda's vast body of work includes "Residencia en la tierra" (Residence on Earth), "Canto general" (General Song), and "Odas elementales" (Elemental Odes). His style is marked by its sensuousness, its rich metaphors, and its profound connection to the natural world. He explored themes of love, death, time, memory, political struggle, and the beauty of everyday objects and natural phenomena. His language is often direct yet deeply evocative, capable of capturing both the grand sweep of history and the intimate details of human experience. He experimented with various forms, from traditional verse to free verse, and his "Elemental Odes" are known for their concise, accessible celebration of ordinary things.

Cultural and historical context

Neruda lived through a turbulent period in Latin American history, marked by political instability, social upheaval, and the rise of authoritarian regimes. As a member of the Communist Party, his political activism led to periods of exile and persecution. His poetry often reflected these historical realities, serving as a voice for the oppressed and a testament to the struggles of the common people. He was a contemporary of other major Latin American writers and intellectuals, contributing to the vibrant literary and political discourse of the region.

Personal life

Neruda had three marriages and several significant relationships that influenced his poetry. His political activities often led to periods of separation from his loved ones. He was a dedicated communist, and his political beliefs deeply informed his life and work, leading him to serve as a senator and a presidential candidate before going into exile. He was known for his deep love of Chile, its landscapes, and its people, which he sought to express through his art and his political actions.

Recognition and reception

Neruda received numerous awards and honors throughout his career, most notably the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1971 for "his poetic works which, with the action of an elemental force, have given a continent its destiny and dreams." He is one of the most widely read poets in the world, and his work continues to resonate with readers across cultures and generations. His reception has been overwhelmingly positive, celebrating his lyrical genius and his unwavering commitment to humanity.

Influences and legacy

Neruda was influenced by poets like Walt Whitman and the European surrealists, but he forged a unique voice that became emblematic of Latin American poetry. He, in turn, influenced countless poets throughout the world with his passionate style, his commitment to social justice, and his ability to find poetry in the ordinary. His "Canto General" is considered a monumental epic of the Americas. Neruda's legacy is that of a poet who captured the soul of a continent and used his art as a powerful tool for social and political change.

Interpretation and critical analysis

Neruda's poetry is frequently analyzed for its exploration of identity, belonging, and the relationship between the individual and the collective. His surrealist leanings in earlier works are often contrasted with the direct political engagement of his later poetry. Critics have examined his role as a national poet and a voice for the marginalized, exploring the ways in which his work both reflects and shapes Latin American consciousness.

Curiosities and lesser-known aspects

Neruda was an avid collector of unusual objects, including various types of shells, ships in bottles, and typewriters, which he displayed in his homes. His houses, particularly La Chascona in Santiago, Isla Negra, and El Cañete in Buenos Aires, are now museums dedicated to his life and work. He was also known for his immense generosity and his support for other artists and writers.

Death and memory

Pablo Neruda died in 1973, shortly after the military coup in Chile that overthrew Salvador Allende's government. While officially attributed to cancer, there have been ongoing investigations and debates surrounding the possibility of foul play. His death was a profound loss for Chile and the literary world. His works continue to be widely read and celebrated, and his memory remains a potent symbol of artistic expression and political conviction in Latin America and beyond.

Poems

72

The Tree Is Here, Still, In Pure Stone

The Tree Is Here, Still, In Pure Stone

The tree is here, still, in pure stone,
in deep evidence, in solid beauty,
layered, through a hundred million years.
Agate, cornelian, gemstone
transmuted the timber and sap
until damp corruptions
fissured the giant's trunk
fusing a parallel being:
the living leaves
unmade themselves
and when the pillar was overthrown
fire in the forest, blaze of the dust-cloud,
celestial ashes mantled it round,
until time, and the lava, created
this gift, of translucent stone.
551

The Saddest Poem

The Saddest Poem

I can write the saddest poem of all tonight.

Write, for instance: "The night is full of stars,
and the stars, blue, shiver in the distance."
The night wind whirls in the sky and sings.
I can write the saddest poem of all tonight.


I loved her, and sometimes she loved me too.


On nights like this, I held her in my arms.
I kissed her so many times under the infinite sky.
She loved me, sometimes I loved her.


How could I not have loved her large, still eyes?


I can write the saddest poem of all tonight.
To think I don't have her. To feel that I've lost her.
To hear the immense night, more immense without her.


And the poem falls to the soul as dew to grass.


What does it matter that my love couldn't keep her.
The night is full of stars and she is not with me.
That's all. Far away, someone sings. Far away.


My soul is lost without her.


As if to bring her near, my eyes search for her.
My heart searches for her and she is not with me.
The same night that whitens the same trees.


We, we who were, we are the same no longer.


I no longer love her, true, but how much I loved her.
My voice searched the wind to touch her ear.
Someone else's. She will be someone else's. As she once


belonged to my kisses.


Her voice, her light body. Her infinite eyes.
I no longer love her, true, but perhaps I love her.
Love is so short and oblivion so long.


Because on nights like this I held her in my arms,


my soul is lost without her.
Although this may be the last pain she causes me,
and this may be the last poem I write for her.
762

The Queen

The Queen

I have named you queen.
There are taller than you, taller.
There are purer than you, purer.
There are lovelier than you, lovelier.
But you are the queen.


When you go through the streets
No one recognizes you.
No one sees your crystal crown, no one looks
At the carpet of red gold
That you tread as you pass,
The nonexistent carpet.


And when you appear
All the rivers sound
In my body, bells
Shake the sky,
And a hymn fills the world.


Only you and I,
Only you and I, my love,
Listen to me.


LA REINA


Yo te he nombrado reina.
Hay más altas que tú, más altas.
Hay más puras que tú, más puras.
Hay más bellas que tú, hay más bellas.
Pero tú eres la reina.


Cuando vas por las calles
nadie te reconoce.
Nadie ve tu corona de cristal, nadie mira
la alfombra de oro rojo
que pisas donde pasas,
la alfombra que no existe.


Y cuando asomas
suenan todos los ríos
en mi cuerpo, sacuden
el cielo las campanas,
y un himno llena el mundo.


Sólo tú y yo,
sólo tú y yo, amor mío,
lo escuchamos.
528

The People

The People

I recall that man and not two centuries
have passed since I saw him,
he went neither by horse nor by carriage:
purely on foot
he outstripped
distances,
and carried no sword or armour,
only nets on his shoulder,
axe or hammer or spade,
never fighting the rest of his species:
his exploits were with water and earth,
with wheat so that it turned into bread,
with giant trees to render them wood,
with walls to open up doors,
with sand to construct the walls,
and with ocean for it to bear.


I knew him and he is still not cancelled in me.


The carriages fell to pieces,
war destroyed doors and walls,
the city was a handful of ashes,
all the clothes turned to dust,
and he remains to me,
he survives in the sand,
when everything before
seemed imperishable but him.


In the going and coming of families
at times he was my father or kinsman
or perhaps it was scarcely him or not
the one who did not return to his house
because water or earth swallowed him up
or a tree or an engine killed him,
or he was the saddened carpenter
who went behind the coffin, without tears,
someone in the end who had no name,
except those that metal or timber have,
and on whom others gazed from on high
without seeing the ant
for the anthill
and so that when his feet did not stir,
because the poor exhausted one had died,
they never saw what they had not seen:
already there were other feet where he'd been.


The other feet were still his,
and the other hands,
the man remained:
when it seemed that now he was done for
he was the same once more,
there he was digging again at the earth,



cutting cloth, minus a shirt,
there he was and was not, like before,
he had gone down and was once more,
and since he never owned graveyards,
or tombs, nor was his name carved
on the stone he sweated to quarry,
no one knew he had come
and no one knew when he died,
so that only when the poor man could
he returned to life once more, without it being noted.


He was the man, no doubt of it, without heritage,
without cattle, without a flag,
and he was not distinguished from others,
the others who were him,
from the heights he was grey like the subsoil,
tanned like the leather,
he was yellow reaping the wheat,
he was black down in the mine,
he was the colour of stone on the fortress,
in the fishing boat the colour of tuna,
and the colour of horses in the meadow:
how could anyone distinguish him
if he was inseparable, elemental,
earth, coal or sea vested in man?


Where he lived whatever
a man touched grew:
the hostile stones,
quarried
by his hands,
took on order
and one by one formed
the right clarity of a building,
he made bread with his hands,
moved the engines,
the distances peopled themselves with towns,
other men grew,
bees arrived,
and by man's creating and breeding
spring walked the market squares
between bakeries and doves.


The maker of loaves was forgotten,
he who quarried and journeyed, beating down
and opening furrows, transporting sand,
when everything existed he no longer existed,
he gave his existence, that's all.
He went elsewhere to labour, and at last
he was dead, rolling
like a stone in the river:
death carried him downstream.



I, who knew him, saw him descend
till he was no longer except what he left:
roads he could scarcely know,
houses he never ever would live in.


I turn to see him, and I await him


I see him in his grave and resurrected.


I distinguish him among all
who are his equals
and it seems to me it cannot be,
that like this we go nowhere,
that to survive like this holds no glory.


I believe that this man
must be enthroned, rightly shod and crowned.
I believe that those who made such things
must be the masters of all these things.
And that those who made bread should eat!


And those in the mines must have light!


Enough now of grey men enslaved!


Enough of the pale 'missing ones'!


Not another man passes except as a king.


Not a single woman without her crown.


Golden gauntlets for every hand.


Fruits of the sun for all the unknowns!


I knew that man and when I could,
when he still had eyes in his head,
when he still had a voice in his mouth
I searched for him among tombs, and I said
grasping his arm that was not yet dust:


'All will be gone, you will live on,


You ignite life.


You made what is yours.'


So let no one trouble themselves when
I seem to be alone and am not alone,
I am with no one and speak for them all:



Some listen to me, without knowing,
but those I sing, those who do know
go on being born, and will fill up the Earth.
559

The Night in Isla Negra

The Night in Isla Negra

Ancient night and the unruly salt
beat at the walls of my house.
The shadow is all one, the sky
throbs now along with the ocean,
and sky and shadow erupt
in the crash of their vast conflict.
All night long they struggle;
nobody knows the name
of the harsh light that keeps slowly opening
like a languid fruit.
So on the coast comes to light,
out of seething shadow, the harsh dawn,
gnawed at by the moving salt,
swept clean by the mass of night,
bloodstained in its sea-washed crater.
610

The Light Wraps You

The Light Wraps You

The light wraps you in its mortal flame.
Abstracted pale mourner, standing that way
against the old propellers of the twighlight
that revolves around you.


Speechless, my friend,
alone in the loneliness of this hour of the dead
and filled with the lives of fire,
pure heir of the ruined day.


A bough of fruit falls from the sun on your dark garment.
The great roots of night
grow suddenly from your soul,
and the things that hide in you come out again
so that a blue and palled people
your newly born, takes nourishment.


Oh magnificent and fecund and magnetic slave
of the circle that moves in turn through black and gold:
rise, lead and possess a creation
so rich in life that its flowers perish
and it is full of sadness.
548

The Fear

The Fear

They all ask me to jump
to invigorate and to play soccer,
to run, to swim and to fly.
Very well.


They all advise me rest,
they all send me to the doctor,
looking at me a certain way.
What happens?


They all advise me to travel,
to come and to leave, to stay,
to die and not to die.
It does not matter.


They all see the difficulties
of my surprised bowels
by awful X-rayed portraits.
I do not agree.


They all sting my poetry
with relentless forks
seeking, without doubt, a fly,
I Am afraid.


I am afraid of everyone,
of the cold water, of the death.
I am like all the mortals,
unavoidable.


And for that, in these short days
I am not going to pay attention to them,
I am going to open myself up and shut myself in
with my more perfidious enemy,
Pablo Neruda.
548

The House of Odes

The House of Odes

Writing
these
odes
in this
year nineteen
hundred and
fifty-five,
readying and tuning
my demanding, murmuring lyre,
I know who I am
and where my song is going.
I understand
that the shopper for myths
and mysteries
may enter
my wood
and adobe
house of odes,
may despise
the utensils,
the portraits
of father and mother and country
on the walls,
the simplicity
of the bread
and the saltcellar. But
that's how it is in my house of odes.
I deposed the dark monarchy,
the useless flowing hair of dreams,
I trod on the tail
of the cerebral reptile,
and set things
-- water and fire in
harmony with man and earth.
I want everything
to have
a handle,
I want everything to be
a cup or a tool,
I want people to enter a hardware
store through the door of my odes.
I work at
cutting
newly hewn boards,
storing casks
of honey,
arranging
horseshoes, harness,
forks:
I want everyone to enter here,
let them ask questions,
ask for anything they want.


I am from the South, a Chilean,
a sailor
returned
from the seas.
I did not stay in the islands,
a king.
I did not stay ensconced
in the land of dreams.
I returned to labor simply
beside others,
for everyone.
So that everyone
may live here,
I build my house
with transparent
odes.
586

Tell Me, Is The Rose Naked?

Tell Me, Is The Rose Naked?

Tell me, is the rose naked
Or is that her only dress?


Why do trees conceal
The splendor of their roots?


Who hears the regrets
Of the thieving automobile?


Is there anything in the world sadder
Than a train standing in the rain?
514

The Dictators

The Dictators

An odor has remained among the sugarcane:
a mixture of blood and body, a penetrating
petal that brings nausea.
Between the coconut palms the graves are full
of ruined bones, of speechless death-rattles.
The delicate dictator is talking
with top hats, gold braid, and collars.
The tiny palace gleams like a watch
and the rapid laughs with gloves on
cross the corridors at times
and join the dead voices
and the blue mouths freshly buried.
The weeping cannot be seen, like a plant
whose seeds fall endlessly on the earth,
whose large blind leaves grow even without light.
Hatred has grown scale on scale,
blow on blow, in the ghastly water of the swamp,
with a snout full of ooze and silence
824

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