Pablo Neruda

Pablo Neruda

1904–1973 · lived 69 years CL CL

Pablo Neruda was a Chilean poet, diplomat, and politician. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential poets of the 20th century, celebrated for his lyrical and evocative verse, which often explored themes of love, nature, politics, and everyday life. Neruda's prolific output and diverse thematic concerns earned him international acclaim, culminating in the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1971. His work is characterized by its passionate imagery, sensuous language, and profound connection to the landscapes and people of Latin America.

n. 1904-07-12, Parral · m. 1973-09-23, Santiago

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Your Laughter

Your Laughter

Take bread away from me, if you wish,
take air away, but
do not take from me your laughter.


Do not take away the rose,
the lance flower that you pluck,
the water that suddenly
bursts forth in joy,
the sudden wave
of silver born in you.


My struggle is harsh and I come back
with eyes tired
at times from having seen
the unchanging earth,
but when your laughter enters
it rises to the sky seeking me
and it opens for me all
the doors of life.


My love, in the darkest
hour your laughter
opens, and if suddenly
you see my blood staining
the stones of the street,
laugh, because your laughter
will be for my hands
like a fresh sword.


Next to the sea in the autumn,
your laughter must raise
its foamy cascade,
and in the spring, love,
I want your laughter like
the flower I was waiting for,
the blue flower, the rose
of my echoing country.


Laugh at the night,
at the day, at the moon,
laugh at the twisted
streets of the island,
laugh at this clumsy
boy who loves you,
but when I open
my eyes and close them,
when my steps go,
when my steps return,
deny me bread, air,
light, spring,
but never your laughter
for I would die.
Read full poem
Bio

Identification and basic context

Pablo Neruda, born Ricardo Eliécer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto, was a renowned Chilean poet, diplomat, and politician. He is considered one of the most important literary figures of the 20th century and a significant voice for social justice in Latin America. Neruda's work is characterized by its passionate, often surreal imagery, its deep connection to nature, and its engagement with political and social issues. He wrote in Spanish, and his poetry has been translated into numerous languages.

Childhood and education

Neruda was born in Parral, Chile. His mother died shortly after his birth, and he was raised by his father and stepmother in Temuco. He showed an early aptitude for literature, publishing his first poems at the age of 13. He studied French at the Temuco Normal School for Men and later moved to Santiago to study at the University of Chile, although his primary focus remained his literary pursuits. His early life in the Chilean landscape, with its forests, rivers, and the proximity to the ocean, profoundly shaped his poetic sensibility.

Literary trajectory

Neruda's literary career began in his youth, and he quickly gained recognition. He published his first book, "Crepusculario" (Twilight), in 1923. However, it was "Veinte poemas de amor y una canción desesperada" (Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair, 1924) that brought him widespread fame. He served as a diplomat for Chile in various countries, including Burma, Ceylon, Java, Argentina, Spain, Mexico, and France. These experiences significantly influenced his writing, broadening his perspective and introducing him to new political and cultural landscapes. His poetry evolved from early romanticism and surrealism to a more politically engaged and socially conscious style.

Works, style, and literary characteristics

Neruda's vast body of work includes "Residencia en la tierra" (Residence on Earth), "Canto general" (General Song), and "Odas elementales" (Elemental Odes). His style is marked by its sensuousness, its rich metaphors, and its profound connection to the natural world. He explored themes of love, death, time, memory, political struggle, and the beauty of everyday objects and natural phenomena. His language is often direct yet deeply evocative, capable of capturing both the grand sweep of history and the intimate details of human experience. He experimented with various forms, from traditional verse to free verse, and his "Elemental Odes" are known for their concise, accessible celebration of ordinary things.

Cultural and historical context

Neruda lived through a turbulent period in Latin American history, marked by political instability, social upheaval, and the rise of authoritarian regimes. As a member of the Communist Party, his political activism led to periods of exile and persecution. His poetry often reflected these historical realities, serving as a voice for the oppressed and a testament to the struggles of the common people. He was a contemporary of other major Latin American writers and intellectuals, contributing to the vibrant literary and political discourse of the region.

Personal life

Neruda had three marriages and several significant relationships that influenced his poetry. His political activities often led to periods of separation from his loved ones. He was a dedicated communist, and his political beliefs deeply informed his life and work, leading him to serve as a senator and a presidential candidate before going into exile. He was known for his deep love of Chile, its landscapes, and its people, which he sought to express through his art and his political actions.

Recognition and reception

Neruda received numerous awards and honors throughout his career, most notably the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1971 for "his poetic works which, with the action of an elemental force, have given a continent its destiny and dreams." He is one of the most widely read poets in the world, and his work continues to resonate with readers across cultures and generations. His reception has been overwhelmingly positive, celebrating his lyrical genius and his unwavering commitment to humanity.

Influences and legacy

Neruda was influenced by poets like Walt Whitman and the European surrealists, but he forged a unique voice that became emblematic of Latin American poetry. He, in turn, influenced countless poets throughout the world with his passionate style, his commitment to social justice, and his ability to find poetry in the ordinary. His "Canto General" is considered a monumental epic of the Americas. Neruda's legacy is that of a poet who captured the soul of a continent and used his art as a powerful tool for social and political change.

Interpretation and critical analysis

Neruda's poetry is frequently analyzed for its exploration of identity, belonging, and the relationship between the individual and the collective. His surrealist leanings in earlier works are often contrasted with the direct political engagement of his later poetry. Critics have examined his role as a national poet and a voice for the marginalized, exploring the ways in which his work both reflects and shapes Latin American consciousness.

Curiosities and lesser-known aspects

Neruda was an avid collector of unusual objects, including various types of shells, ships in bottles, and typewriters, which he displayed in his homes. His houses, particularly La Chascona in Santiago, Isla Negra, and El Cañete in Buenos Aires, are now museums dedicated to his life and work. He was also known for his immense generosity and his support for other artists and writers.

Death and memory

Pablo Neruda died in 1973, shortly after the military coup in Chile that overthrew Salvador Allende's government. While officially attributed to cancer, there have been ongoing investigations and debates surrounding the possibility of foul play. His death was a profound loss for Chile and the literary world. His works continue to be widely read and celebrated, and his memory remains a potent symbol of artistic expression and political conviction in Latin America and beyond.

Poems

72

Ode to a Large Tuna in the Market

Ode to a Large Tuna in the Market

Among the market greens,
a bullet
from the ocean
depths,
a swimming
projectile,
I saw you,
dead.


All around you
were lettuces,
sea foam
of the earth,
carrots,
grapes,
but
of the ocean
truth,
of the unknown,
of the
unfathomable
shadow, the
depths
of the sea,
the abyss,
only you had survived,
a pitch-black, varnished
witness
to deepest night.


Only you, well-aimed
dark bullet
from the abyss,
mangled
at one tip,
but constantly
reborn,
at anchor in the current,
winged fins
windmilling
in the swift
flight
of
the
marine
shadow,
a mourning arrow,
dart of the sea,
olive, oily fish.
I saw you dead,
a deceased king
of my own ocean,



green
assault, silver
submarine fir,
seed
of seaquakes,
now
only dead remains,
yet
in all the market
yours
was the only
purposeful form
amid
the bewildering rout
of nature;
amid the fragile greens
you were
a solitary ship,
armed
among the vegetables
fin and prow black and oiled,
as if you were still
the vessel of the wind,
the one and only
pure
ocean
machine:
unflawed, navigating
the waters of death.
542

Ode To Bird Watching

Ode To Bird Watching

Now
Let's look for birds!
The tall iron branches
in the forest,
The dense
fertility on the ground.
The world
is wet.
A dewdrop or raindrop
shines,
a diminutive star
among the leaves.
The morning time
mother earth
is cool.
The air
is like a river
which shakes
the silence.
It smells of rosemary,
of space
and roots.
Overhead,
a crazy song.
It's a bird.
How
out of its throat
smaller than a finger
can there fall the waters
of its song?
Luminous ease!
Invisible
power
torrent
of music
in the leaves.
Sacred conversations!
Clean and fresh washed
is this
day resounding
like a green dulcimer.
I bury
my shoes
in the mud,
jump over rivulets.
A thorn
bites me and a gust
of air like a crystal
wave
splits up inside my chest.
Where
are the birds?


Maybe it was
that
rustling in the foliage
or that fleeting pellet
of brown velvet
or that displaced
perfume? That
leaf that let loose cinnamon smell

-was that a bird? That dust
from an irritated magnolia
or that fruit
which fell with a thump was
that a flight?
Oh, invisible little
critters
birds of the devil
with their ringing
with their useless feathers.
I only want
to caress them,
to see them resplendent.
I don't want
to see under glass
the embalmed lightning.
I want to see them living.
I want to touch their gloves
of real hide,
which they never forget in
the branches
and to converse with
them
sitting on my shoulders
although they may leave
me like certain statues
undeservedly whitewashed.
Impossible.
You can't touch them.
You can hear them
like a heavenly
rustle or movement.
They converse
with precision.
They repeat
their observations.
They brag
of how much they do.
They comment
on everything that exists.
They learn
certain sciences
like hydrography.
and by a sure science

they know
where there are harvests
of grain
654

Nothing But Death

Nothing But Death

There are cemeteries that are lonely,
graves full of bones that do not make a sound,
the heart moving through a tunnel,
in it darkness, darkness, darkness,
like a shipwreck we die going into ourselves,
as though we were drowning inside our hearts,
as though we lived falling out of the skin into the soul.


And there are corpses,
feet made of cold and sticky clay,
death is inside the bones,
like a barking where there are no dogs,
coming out from bells somewhere, from graves somewhere,
growing in the damp air like tears of rain.


Sometimes I see alone
coffins under sail,
embarking with the pale dead, with women that have dead hair,
with bakers who are as white as angels,
and pensive young girls married to notary publics,
caskets sailing up the vertical river of the dead,
the river of dark purple,
moving upstream with sails filled out by the sound of death,
filled by the sound of death which is silence.


Death arrives among all that sound


like a shoe with no foot in it, like a suit with no man in it,


comes and knocks, using a ring with no stone in it, with no
finger in it,

comes and shouts with no mouth, with no tongue, with no
throat.

Nevertheless its steps can be heard

and its clothing makes a hushed sound, like a tree.

I'm not sure, I understand only a little, I can hardly see,
but it seems to me that its singing has the color of damp violets,
of violets that are at home in the earth,
because the face of death is green,
and the look death gives is green,
with the penetrating dampness of a violet leaf
and the somber color of embittered winter.


But death also goes through the world dressed as a broom,
lapping the floor, looking for dead bodies,
death is inside the broom,
the broom is the tongue of death looking for corpses,
it is the needle of death looking for thread.


Death is inside the folding cots:
it spends its life sleeping on the slow mattresses,
in the black blankets, and suddenly breathes out:
it blows out a mournful sound that swells the sheets,



and the beds go sailing toward a port
where death is waiting, dressed like an admiral.

Translated by Robert Bly
640

LXXXIV From: ‘Cien sonetos de amor’

LXXXIV From: ‘Cien sonetos de amor’

One time more, my love, the net of light extinguishes
work, wheels, flames, boredoms and farewells,
and we surrender the swaying wheat to night,
the wheat that noon stole from earth and light.
The moon alone in the midst of its clear page
sustains the pillars of Heaven’s Bay,
the room acquires the slowness of gold,
and your hands go here and there preparing night.
O love, O night. O cupola ringed by a river
of impenetrable water in the shadows of Heaven,
that raises and drowns its tempestuous orbs,
until we are only the one dark space
a glass into which fall celestial ashes,
one drop in the flow of a vast slow river
474

Love

Love


What's wrong with you, with us,
what's happening to us?
Ah our love is a harsh cord
that binds us wounding us
and if we want
to leave our wound,
to separate,
it makes a new knot for us and condemns us
to drain our blood and burn together.


What's wrong with you? I look at you
and I find nothing in you but two eyes
like all eyes, a mouth
lost among a thousand mouths that I have kissed, more beautiful,
a body just like those that have slipped
beneath my body without leaving any memory.


And how empty you went through the world
like a wheat-colored jar
without air, without sound, without substance!
I vainly sought in you
depth for my arms
that dig, without cease, beneath the earth:
beneath your skin, beneath your eyes,
nothing,
beneath your double breast scarcely
raised
a current of crystalline order
that does not know why it flows singing.
Why, why, why,
my love, why?
524

Lovely One

Lovely One

Lovely one,
Just as on the cool stone
Of the spring, the water
Opens a wide flash of foam,
So is the smile of your face,
Lovely one.


Lovely one,
With delicate hands and slender feet
Like a silver pony,
Walking, flower of the world,
Thus I see you,
Lovely one.


Lovely one,
With a nest of copper entangled
On your head, a nest
The coloUr of dark honey
Where my heart burns and rests,
Lovely one.


Lovely one,
Your eyes are too big for your face,
Your eyes are too big for the earth.


There are countries, there are rivers,
In your eyes,
My country is your eyes,
I walk through them,
They light the world
Through which I walk,
Lovely one.


Lovely one,
Your breasts are like two loaves made
Of grainy earth and golden moon,
Lovely one.


Lovely one,
Your waist,
My arm shaped it like a river when
It flowed a thousand years through your sweet body,
Lovely one.


Lovely one,
There is nothing like your hips,
Perhaps earth has
In some hidden place
The curve and the fragrance of your body,
Perhaps in some place,
Lovely one.



Lovely one, my lovely one,
Your voice, your skin, your nails,
Lovely one, my lovely one,
Your being, your light, your shadow,
Lovely one,
All that is mine, lovely one,
All that is mine, my dear,
When you walk or rest,
When you sing or sleep,
When you suffer or dream,
Always,
When you are near or far,
Always,
You are mine, my lovely one,
Always.
538

Leave Me A Place Underground

Leave Me A Place Underground

Leave me a place underground, a labyrinth,
where I can go, when I wish to turn,
without eyes, without touch,
in the void, to dumb stone,
or the finger of shadow.


I know that you cannot, no one, no thing
can deliver up that place, or that path,
but what can I do with my pitiful passions,
if they are no use, on the surface
of everyday life,
if I cannot look to survive,
except by dying, going beyond, entering
into the state, metallic and slumbering,
of primeval flame?
514

Lost In The Forest

Lost In The Forest

Lost in the forest, I broke off a dark twig
and lifted its whisper to my thirsty lips:
maybe it was the voice of the rain crying,
a cracked bell, or a torn heart.


Something from far off it seemed
deep and secret to me, hidden by the earth,
a shout muffled by huge autumns,
by the moist half-open darkness of the leaves.


Wakening from the dreaming forest there, the hazel-sprig
sang under my tongue, its drifting fragrance
climbed up through my conscious mind


as if suddenly the roots I had left behind
cried out to me, the land I had lost with my childhood-and
I stopped, wounded by the wandering scent.
665

La Reina (The Queen)

La Reina (The Queen)

I have named you queen.
There are taller than you, taller.
There are purer than you, purer.
There are lovelier than you, lovelier.
But you are the queen.


When you go through the streets
No one recognizes you.
No one sees your crystal crown, no one looks
At the carpet of red gold
That you tread as you pass,
The nonexistent carpet.


And when you appear
All the rivers sound
In my body, bells
Shake the sky,
And a hymn fills the world.


Only you and I,
Only you and I, my love,
Listen to me.
623

La Muerta

La Muerta

Si de pronto no existes,
si de pronto no vives,
yo seguiré viviendo.


No me atrevo,
no me atrevo a escribirlo,
si te mueres.


Yo seguiré viviendo.


Porque donde no tiene voz un hombre
allí, mi voz.


Donde los negros sean apaleados,
yo no puedo estar muerto.
Cuando entren en la cárcel mis hermanos
entraré yo con ellos.


Cuando la victoria,
no mi victoria,
sino la gran Victoria llegue,
aunque esté mudo debo hablar:
yo la veré llegar aunque esté ciego.


No, perdóname.
Si tú no vives,
si tú, querida, amor mío, si tú
te has muerto,
todas las hojas caerán en mi pecho,
lloverá sobre mi alma noche y día,
la nieve quemará mi corazón,
andaré con frío y fuego
y muerte y nieve,
mis pies querrán marchar hacia donde tú duermes, pero seguiré vivo,
porque tú me quisiste sobre
todas las cosas indomable,
y, amor, porque tú sabes que soy no sólo un hombre
sino todos los hombres
745

Quotes

18

Videos

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